端午節(jié)的傳說(shuō):
Qu Yuan jumped into river屈原投江
In order to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan who jumped into the Miluo river and protect his body from being eaten by fish and shrimps, people cast many bamboo rice (rice dumplings) into the river and compete to row (acetate ship) hoping to find the body of Qu yuan.
為了紀(jì)念愛國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原,居民為了不讓跳下汨羅江的屈原尸體被魚蝦吃掉,所以在江里投下許多用竹葉包裹的米食(粽子),并且競(jìng)相劃船(賽龍船)希望找到屈原的尸體。
Cao E looked for her father’s corpse曹娥尋父尸
Cao E, dutiful girl of the eastern Han dynasty, whose father drowned in the river when she was 14-year old. She cried along the river, still didn’t see his father’s corpse after 17 days, and she jumped into the river on May 1st as well, after five days the two corpses folded together and float. That was a moving story, so people in the township worship her.
東漢孝女曹娥,因曹父溺江而亡,年僅十四歲的她沿江豪哭,經(jīng)十七日仍不見曹父尸首,乃在五月一日投江,五日后兩尸合抱而浮起的感人事跡, 鄉(xiāng)人群而祭之。
Madam White Snake白蛇傳
The legend of white snake Bai Suzhen, in order to repay Xu Xian , fell in love with him and finally got married. On the day of the Dragon Boat Festival white snake drink realgar wine, almost reveal herself snakelike, and among the white snake, Fa Hai and water logging Jinshan temple , are popular folk opera repertoire.
傳說(shuō)白蛇白素貞,為了報(bào)答許仙的恩惠,與許仙結(jié)為夫妻的凄美的愛情故事。端午節(jié)當(dāng)天白蛇喝了雄黃酒,差點(diǎn)現(xiàn)出蛇形,加上法海白蛇及水淹金山寺的情節(jié),都是膾炙人口的民間戲曲的曲目。
Wu Zixu’s death anniversary伍子胥的忌日
It’s a legend that after He Lu ,the king of Wu died , the prince Fuchai ascended the throne, send armed forces to supPss Yue and won. Goujian ,the king of Yue please reconciliation , Fuchai didn’t listen but agreed treacherous official and judged Wu Zixu commit suicide. And jumped his body into river on May 5, since then people commemorated him on Dragon Boat Festival.
傳說(shuō)伍子胥助吳伐楚后,吳王闔閭逝世,皇子夫差繼位,伐越大勝,越王勾踐請(qǐng)和,伍子胥主張和,夫差不聽,卻聽信奸臣言,賜伍子胥自殺,并于于五月五日將尸體投入江中,此后人們于端午節(jié)祭祀伍子胥。
端午節(jié)由來(lái)與傳說(shuō)
端午節(jié)是古老的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,始于中國(guó)的春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,至今已有2000多年歷史。端午節(jié)的由來(lái)與傳說(shuō)很多,這里僅介紹以下四種:
源于紀(jì)念屈原
據(jù)《史記》“屈原賈生列傳”記載,屈原,是春秋時(shí)期楚懷王的大臣。他倡導(dǎo)舉賢授能,富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵,力主聯(lián)齊抗秦,遭到貴族子蘭等人的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),屈原遭饞去職,被趕出都城,流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中,寫下了憂國(guó)憂民的《離騷》、《天問(wèn)》、《九歌》等不朽詩(shī)篇,獨(dú)具風(fēng)貌,影響深遠(yuǎn)(因而,端午節(jié)也稱詩(shī)人節(jié))。公元前278年,秦軍攻破楚國(guó)京都。屈原眼看自己的祖國(guó)被侵略,心如刀割,但是始終不忍舍棄自己的祖國(guó),于五月五日,在寫下了絕筆作《懷沙》之后,抱石投汨羅江身死,以自己的生命譜寫了一曲壯麗的愛國(guó)主義樂章。
傳說(shuō)屈原死后,楚國(guó)百姓哀痛異常,紛紛涌到汨羅江邊去憑吊屈原。漁夫們劃起船只,在江上來(lái)回打撈他的真身。有位漁夫拿出為屈原準(zhǔn)備的飯團(tuán)、雞蛋等食物,“撲通、撲通”地丟進(jìn)江里,說(shuō)是讓魚龍蝦蟹吃飽了,就不會(huì)去咬屈大夫的身體了。人們見后紛紛仿效。一位老醫(yī)師則拿來(lái)一壇雄黃酒倒進(jìn)江里,說(shuō)是要藥暈蛟龍水獸,以免傷害屈大夫。后來(lái)為怕飯團(tuán)為蛟龍所食,人們想出用楝樹葉包飯,外纏彩絲,發(fā)展成棕子。
以后,在每年的五月初五,就有了龍舟競(jìng)渡、吃粽子、喝雄黃酒的風(fēng)俗;以此來(lái)紀(jì)念愛國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。
源于紀(jì)念伍子胥
端午節(jié)的第二個(gè)傳說(shuō),在江浙一帶流傳很廣,是紀(jì)念春秋時(shí)期(公元前770--前476年)的伍子胥。伍子胥名員,楚國(guó)人,父兄均為楚王所殺,后來(lái)子胥棄暗投明,奔向吳國(guó),助吳伐楚,五戰(zhàn)而入楚都郢城。當(dāng)時(shí)楚平王已死,子胥掘墓鞭尸三百,以報(bào)殺父兄之仇。吳王闔廬死后,其子夫差繼位,吳軍士氣高昂,百戰(zhàn)百勝,越國(guó)大敗,越王勾踐請(qǐng)和,夫差許之。子胥建議,應(yīng)徹底消滅越國(guó),夫差不聽,吳國(guó)大宰,受越國(guó)賄賂,讒言陷害子胥,夫差信之,賜子胥寶劍,子胥以此死。子胥本為忠良,視死如歸,在死前對(duì)鄰舍人說(shuō):“我死后,將我眼睛挖出懸掛在吳京之東門上,以看越國(guó)軍隊(duì)入城滅吳”,便自刎而死,夫差聞言大怒,令取子胥之尸體裝在皮革里于五月五日投入大江,因此相傳端午節(jié)亦為紀(jì)念伍子胥之日。
源于紀(jì)念孝女曹娥
端午節(jié)的第三個(gè)傳說(shuō),是為紀(jì)念東漢(公元23--220年)孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是東漢上虞人,父親溺于江中,數(shù)日不見尸體,當(dāng)時(shí)孝女曹娥年僅十四歲,晝夜沿江號(hào)哭。過(guò)了十七天,在五月五日也投江,五日后抱出父尸。就此傳為神話,繼而相傳至縣府知事,令度尚為之立碑,讓他的弟子邯鄲淳作誄辭頌揚(yáng)。
孝女曹娥之墓,在今浙江紹興,后傳曹娥碑為晉王義所書。后人為紀(jì)念曹娥的孝節(jié),在曹娥投江之處興建曹娥廟,她所居住的村鎮(zhèn)改名為曹娥鎮(zhèn),曹娥殉父之處定名為曹娥江。
源于古越民族圖騰祭
近代大量出土文物和考古研究證實(shí):長(zhǎng)江中下游廣大地區(qū),在新石器時(shí)代,有一種幾何印紋陶為特征的文化遺存。該遺存的族屬,據(jù)專家推斷是一個(gè)崇拜龍的圖騰的部族----史稱百越族。出土陶器上的紋飾和歷史傳說(shuō)示明,他們有斷發(fā)紋身的習(xí)俗,生活于水鄉(xiāng),自比是龍的子孫。其生產(chǎn)工具,大量的還是石器,也有鏟、鑿等小件的青銅器。作為生活用品的壇壇罐罐中,燒煮食物的印紋陶鼎是他們所特有的,是他們族群的標(biāo)志之一。直到秦漢時(shí)代尚有百越人,端午節(jié)就是他們創(chuàng)立用于祭祖的節(jié)日。在數(shù)千年的歷史發(fā)展中,大部分百越人已經(jīng)融合到漢族中去了,其余部分則演變?yōu)槟戏皆S多少數(shù)民族,因此,端午節(jié)成了全中華民族的節(jié)日。